The 1st century marked a period of upheaval, technical progress and social change, but at the same time it was one of the most violent in human history. From world wars to regional conflicts, the century was marked by wars that changed the course of history.
World War I (1914-1918)
The First World War, also known as the Great War, was one of the most catastrophic conflicts in history. It began with the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, leading to war between the Allied Powers (including Great Britain, France, and Russia) and the Central Powers (including Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire). The war led to major changes in the political landscape of the world, including the collapse of four empires and the formation of the Soviet Union.
World War II (1939-1945)
The Second World War, which followed a few decades after the end of the First World War, was the largest war in history. It involved more than 30 countries and caused the death of more than 70 million people. The conflict began with Germany’s invasion of Poland and led to war between the Axis Powers (Germany, Italy, Japan) and the Allied Powers (including Great Britain, the Soviet Union, the United States). The military, political and genocidal brutality of the war had long-lasting consequences for world order and humanity.
Cold War (1947-1991)
The Cold War that followed World War II was a period of tension and competition between the two superpowers, the United States of America and the Soviet Union. Although there was no major military conflict between the two countries, the conflict was characterized by the threat of war, economic and political competition, proxy military clashes, and military alliances (NATO and the Warsaw Pact).
Vietnam War (1955-1975)
The Vietnam War was a protracted military conflict between communist North Vietnam and the United States, which supported South Vietnam. The warfare caused a large number of civilian casualties and led to a large-scale anti-war movement in the United States. The war ended with the unification of Vietnam under a communist government.
Conflict in the Middle East
Conflicts in the Middle East, including the Israeli-Arab conflict, the Iran-Iraq War, and the wars in Afghanistan, marked the second half of the 20th century. These conflicts are often linked to religious, ethnic and geopolitical tensions in the region.
All of these wars had far-reaching consequences that are still felt today. From the change of political borders, the impact on society and culture, to the acceleration of scientific and technological development. Despite the terrible consequences of the wars of the 20th century, these periods offer us important lessons about peace, human nature and the importance of diplomatic efforts to resolve global conflicts.